It could be useful to discuss “What is Research”. Some might think you talk to your adviser or similar experienced researcher, identify a vaguely interesting topic, write some software, remove obvious bugs, do a performance measurement and write your thesis.

However this is not correct; whats described above is not research at all even if the software is incredible but rather producing an environment in which research can be performed. Research requires asking questions, querying the answers, refining questions and so on until new knowledge is obtained. Your software and studies gives you an advantage to ask and answer new questions. Note usually questions and answers are typically NOT identified upfront; they emerge from work.

Geoffrey C. Fox

[To give read and write permissions on a file biglist to all]
>chmod a+rw fname

[killing a process]
> kill prcNumber
[if the process refuses to be killed]
> kill -9 prcnUmber

[To check your current quota and how much of it you have used]
> quota -v

[To find out how much space is left on the fileserver]
>df .

[Zipping a file]
>gzip filename

[Displaying zipped file]
>zcat filename.gz

[Unzippiing a file]
>gunzip flename.gz

[To see the differences in two files]
>diff file1 file2

[To learn ip address of linux machine]
>nslookup gf12.ucs.indiana.edu

[Finding a file based on the name]
>find . -name “*.txt”

[Finding the files based on size]
>find . -size +1M

[Recall last command starting with xxx]
>!xxx

[You can increase the size of the history buffer by typing]
set history=100

[Listing the environment variables]
>printenv

[Changing the password]
>passwd

IF PICO is not running in a system, use NONO !!!!!

[searching a text overall directory tree]
find . -exec grep -l -i ‘the term u search’ {} \;

[Active process searching]
>ps -ef | grep asayar

[System information]
>df

[scp -Secure Copy]
>scp servo@gf7.ucs.indiana.edu:/home/servo/wfs/run-wfs.sh .

[For cpu info]
>cat /proc/cpuinfo

[setting display]
>setenv DISPLAY ip=0.0

[list the running processes for asayar]
>ps -u asayar
>ps -fu asayar

[searching command]
>whereis [command_name]
>which [command_name]

[save the current directory]
>pshd .

[get the last saved directory]
>popd

[creating alies]
> alies dir=’ls’

[secure ftp connection]
>sftp asayar@xxx.xx.xx.edu

[secure shell connection]
>ssh asayar@xxx.xx.xx.edu

[info about disk]
>df: disk free
>du: disk usage
>du -s display total disk size

[getting info about Operating system]
>uname -a

[getting info about Memory]
>top

[info about active process of a user]
>ps -u user_name

[shows the active path]
>pwd

[display some parts of the file_name]
>head file_name
>head -20 file_name     first 20 lines
>tail file_name
>tail -30 file_name      last 30 lines

[create and empty file]
>touch

[word count of a file]
>wc file_name
#of_lines #of_words  #of_characters

[how many users on the system]
>who

[zip and unzip commands]
>compress myout
>uncompress myout.z
>gzip myout
>gunzip myout.z
>gtar xvf xxx.tar.gz   :extracting tar file
>jar cvf myWar.war
>jar xvf myWar.war
>tar cvf concheck.tar *

> cd /   : takes you to root

>history   : all the commands

>man ‘command_name’

>echo s*   :all the files whose names start with s

>setenv DISPLAY ip:0.0

> find ‘path’ -name ‘file_name’

kill -9 pronumber

ps -fu asayar
ps -u asayar

ls > myout.txt
ls >> myout.txt